Oil drilling rig

• In oil drilling, oil rigs driven drilling rock, drilling into the ground and climb out of hole depth under, for oil or gas in return for oil or natural gas. A very practical drilling rig mainly by engine, transmission machines, work machines and auxiliary equipment, such as eight parts.
  Drilling rigs have eight system (lifting system, rotating system, drilling fluid circulation system, drive system, control system and monitoring display apparatus, drive system, drilling rig, drilling rig auxiliary equipment of the base system), ability to tripping, Rotary drilling capacity, flushing capability. Its main equipment: derricks, cranes, winches, the traveling block, big hooks, dials, tap (power swivel) and pump (traditionally called drill eight big), engines (diesel engines, electric motors, gas turbines), linkage, solids control equipment, well control equipment.
  
  
  Hoisting system
  In order to lift and decentralization of drill pipe, casing, and control weight, sent to drill, drill rig is equipped with a lifting system.
  Lift systems include winches, auxiliary brakes, cranes, travelling, hooks, wire ropes and rings, elevators, tongs, slips and other tools.
  When you lift, winch drum winding wire, Crown and travelling block constituted under pulley, hook up through the rings, elevators and other tools to achieve improvement of drilling. When delegated, drill pipe or casing fall by gravity down with the winch brake mechanism and the running speed of the auxiliary brake control hook. In the course of drilling through the brake control the feeding speed of the drill, part of the drill string weight as implemented on the drilling pressure is applied to the bit broken rock.
  Rotation system
  Rotary system is typical of rotary machine system, its role is to drive the drill rotates to breaking rocks, rotation systems including turntables, water taps, drill.
  According to the different drilling rigs, drill string composition vary, typically includes drill pipe, drill pipe, drill collars and drill bits, there are stabilizers, shock absorbers and the joints.
  Which bit is the direct rock tool, drag bits, rotary drill bit, diamond bit types. Wall thickness and weight of the drill collars are large, used to put on the drill bit drill press, drill pipe linking bottomhole equipment and ground equipment, and transmission torque. Kelly sections are generally square, Kelly led the entire drill string and bit through the turntable rotated, taps is typical of Rotary drilling rig components, it must bear the weight of drilling and rotating movements, while also providing high pressure mud channel.
  The circulatory system
  Hole drill bit shattered rock debris carried to the ground in a timely manner so as to continue drilling, as well as to cool the drill bit protection wall to prevent collapse well drilling accidents such as leaks occur, Rotary drilling rig is equipped with the circulatory system.
  Circulatory system includes pump, manifolds, mud pots and mud cleaning equipment on the ground, which ground manifold includes high pressure manifolds, risers and hoses, mud cleaning equipment include Shaker, desander, desilter and centrifuge etc.
  Drilling mud pump will suck from mud tank in the inhalation, by drilling pump pressurized  of mud, after high-pressure tube meeting, and State tube, and hose with, entered taps, through hollow of drill to bottom, from bit of dressed spray out, by Wells eye and drill into circular space carrying rock chip returns ground, from bottom returns of mud by levels mud purification equipment, removed solid content, then repeated using.
  Power equipment
  Hoisting system, the circulatory system and rotary systems are the three big rigs working units, used to provide power, they coordinate their work to complete the drilling operation, to provide power to these units, drilling rigs need to be equipped with power equipment.
  Drill powered equipment has a diesel engine, AC motors, DC motors.
  Diesel engine in remote areas without power grids adapted to dig wells and AC motor depends on the industrial power grid or needed diesel engines emit alternating currents, DC motors require diesel engine driven DC generator DC electricity generated, and is also commonly used when the diesel engine-driven alternator issue AC, then by a Silicon-controlled rectifier, and plug the AC into DC.
  Transmission system
  Drive system-powered equipment to transform the force and motion, then passed and assigned to various work units in order to meet the different needs of each work unit to power.
  Transmission systems typically include gear, transmission, ahead and astern, and across multiple engines and vehicle bodies.
  Driven by diesel engines used to drill a direct-drive unified form of transmission system is relatively complex, used to rig a driven by a DC motor driven by each machine individually or grouped in the form of transmission system has been greatly simplified.
  Control system
  Three units of work coordination in order to guarantee the rig's work in order to meet the requirements of drilling technology and drilling rigs are equipped with a control system.
  Control with mechanical control, gas, electric control and hydraulic control.
  At present, the rig used on gas control in the control mode is set. Driller through the rig boss drill control console that can do almost all of the rig: always clutch clutch; all engines and cars; drawworks, rotary table and starting and stopping of the pump; winch high and low-speed control, and so on.
  Derrick and substructure
  Derrick and substructure for support and installation of various drilling equipment and tools, providing drilling operation sites. Used to install cranes, suspension travel, hook, tap and drill, withstand the drilling work load, discharged state; base used to install power unit, drawworks, rotary table, supporting mast, using turntables hung drill, provided rotary table height between the ground and space to install the requisite blowout preventers and mud circulation.
  Auxiliary equipment
  In order to ensure the safety and normal drilling, drilling rigs also include other ancillary equipment, such as blowout preventers prevention unit, providing lighting and auxiliary power units for drilling, compressed air supply compressed air equipment and water supply, oil supply equipment.